Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or otherwise known as ADHD, is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions in Australia, which can affect people of all ages. The common signs of ADHD include impulsivity, trouble focusing, chronic disorganisation, and forgetfulness. ADHD interferes with an individual’s everyday life, whether it’s daily functioning, academic attentiveness, work efficiency or interactions within relationships.
It is incorrect to see ADHD as purely a behavioural issue, it is a recognised medical condition that presents differently in everyone. Symptoms are often observed to arise in childhood but can continue to be present into adulthood if left untreated.
ADHD does not have an agreed-upon reason for occurring, but instead, it is widely believed that it presents in individuals for a variety of different reasons, including both genetic and neurological factors.
Our expert North Sydney Counsellors have created the below blog to get valuable insight on what the journey to getting an ADHD diagnosis can look like.
Overview of ADHD Diagnosis?
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to diagnosing ADHD, and there is not any 1 specific test that signals whether or not you have the condition. Instead, the process for diagnosis of ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a highly trained professional.
A commonly observed complexity in the diagnosis of ADHD is that its symptoms can overlap with other conditions, such as anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder or other learning difficulties or cognitive issues.
With many similarities to other presentations and complexities in the process of diagnosing, it makes getting a professional and thorough clinical assessment integral to ensure you get an accurate diagnosis.
Paediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists properly trained in the assessment and diagnosis of differential diagnoses, can all provide accurate assessments concerning the condition of ADHD.
The professionals within these fields use an array of clinical interviews, behavioural and physical assessments, computer tests, historical school reports, and the DSM-5 criteria to evaluate whether or not ADHD is present.
It is also important to acknowledge that the symptoms of ADHD differ with age. Younger patients may often exhibit more of the symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, restlessness and have trouble focusing.
While adults with ADHD may observe internal restlessness, poor time management, memory fog, and high levels of disorganisation.
Gaining an early and accurate ADHD diagnosis from a professional is key to getting important support to live your life to the fullest.
If you suspect that you or your child may have ADHD, get in touch with our expert team, offering comprehensive ADHD counselling for both children and adults.
Steps within the ADHD Diagnosis
So, what is the process of getting an ADHD diagnosis? Well, it usually involves the following six steps.
1. Initial Consultation with a Psychologist :
The process will usually begin with an appointment with your Psychologist.
Here you will discuss your symptoms, medical history and any other concerns that you may have.
If your Psychologist suspects that you may have ADHD, they may refer you to a specialist such as a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist or paediatrician.
2. Comprehensive Assessment by a Specialist :
Your chosen specialist will perform a detailed assessment. This process will vary from client to client.
But it can include :
- Interviews : These clinical interviews will explore symptom history, behaviour across different settings, and developmental history.
- Questionnaires, computer testing, historical school reports, & Scales : Medical professionals use a variety of tools amd scales to assess, often focusing on cognitive functions compared to those of a large sample of the general population of the same age and cultural background. Such tests may focus on attentional focus, short term working memory, ability to plan and organise, inhibit impulses, problem solve and others. School reports provide valuable information about whether or not you exhibited issues with these functions at school. Observations and questionnaires help significantly.
- Rule Out Other Causes : The specialist you work with will check for other causes if ADHD doesn’t seem to be the underlying condition. Issues such as anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder, learning difficulties, are all often considered during the process of identification.
3. Meeting the Diagnostic Criteria :
Professionals form their diagnosis through the DSM-5 Criteria.
A person must show persistent patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity that interfere with their overall functioning and development.
For children up to the age of 16, they must test positive for six or more symptoms for ADHD to be diagnosed.
For those 17 years and older, only five or more symptoms are needed for a diagnosis.
4. Feedback and Diagnosis :
Upon the completion of your assessment, your specialist will provide you with a formal diagnosis (if you meet the DSM-5 Criteria).
They will further lay out treatment options, along with compiling a written report for you with skills to practice to use in your day-to-day environments.
5. The Treatment Planning Process :
The process heading forward will entirely depend on what your formal diagnosis is.
Common treatments can include :
- Medications : Can be stimulants such as dexamphetamine, methylphenidate, or non-stimulants such as atomoxetine.
- Psychological Support : Can involve behavioural therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), coaching and skills training.
- Lifestyle Support : Recommendations and accommodation within the school or workplace environment can be made.
Does Medicare cover my ADHD Diagnosis?
The costs of getting an ADHD diagnosis can be expensive, and Medicare rebates can be available for some appointments but not for an ADHD assessment and report.
Out-of-pocket costs for diagnosis can vary; with university clinics having longer overall wait times, but are much more affordable.
Why does an accurate ADHD diagnosis matter?
It is essential to gain an accurate diagnosis for ADHD because it ensures that you receive the proper treatment you deserve to help manage your symptoms and get you on the path to living the best version of your life.
Not only can accurate diagnosis help with academic and workplace settings, but also within your social life and your self confidence and self esteem. It helps individuals to properly understand themselves, as well as their strengths and weaknesses, along with coping strategies.
If an individual doesn’t receive the correct diagnosis, then the struggles that come from ADHD may persist for good, impacting their overall quality of life.
Who Can Diagnose ADHD?
In Australia, ADHD can only be diagnosed by several qualified healthcare professionals.
The key specialists within Australia include: Psychiatrists, Pediatricians, and Clinical Psychologists.
- Psychiatrists : Can diagnose ADHD. Through appointments and assessments, they can provide an accurate diagnosis and prescribe medications for treatment. They assess a client’s medical history, symptoms, and possible other conditions that could be impacting the individual.
- Paediatricians : Work with children and teenagers in diagnosing ADHD. Paediatricians are usually the first point of contact for parents aiming to understand their child’s circumstances. ADHD requires prescription medication, and can only be prescribed by professionals with proper training.
- Clinical Psychologists : Unlike psychiatrists and paediatricians, clinical psychologists cannot prescribe medications to treat ADHD, but they can conduct comprehensive assessments leading to diagnosis. A diagnosis of ADHD by a clinical psychologist is nationally recognised when aligned with the DSM-5 criteria.
When seeking out a formal diagnosis for ADHD, whether it’s for yourself or your child, it is essential to consult with an experienced professional.
Being able to identify ADHD early is essential to managing it effectively moving forward and improving long-term outcomes.
Can a General Practitioner Diagnose ADHD?
In Australia, general practitioners (GPs) cannot provide an official diagnosis for ADHD at this moment.
However, this is set to change with a new reform coming in that will allow GPs in NSW to both diagnose and treat ADHD. Assessments for children are set to be in place by 2026 and will arrive at a slightly later date for adults.
As of right now, GPs still play a critical role in referring patients to the bodies that can. GPs can help to provide an initial assessment and then refer you to the specialists who can provide a formal diagnosis.
Challenges in Diagnosing ADHD?
The process for diagnosing ADHD can sometimes be a complex process that takes significant time.
This is due to the presence of several specific challenges that can affect both adults and children seeking an understanding of their behaviour.
- ADHD Can Overlap with Other Conditions : Many symptoms of ADHD overlap with other conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorder. This can make it challenging for medical professionals to isolate specific behaviours associated with ADHD without undertaking comprehensive assessments of the individual.
- Misconceptions of the Signs : Throughout Australia, there is still a high level of misunderstanding about what ADHD actually is and what it involves. Many people have traditionally believed that ADHD is purely a childhood-only condition, and something that people just grow out of, which couldn’t be further from the truth. This misconception results in delayed support and treatment for individuals.
- Accessing the Right Support : While metropolitan residents can still find it difficult to get straight into an appointment, the high level of choice makes it relatively easy. This is especially true when you compare this to rural and regional centres, where locals have fewer choices, as well as practices often being understaffed and overworked. This can result in significantly delayed diagnosis.
- Everyone is Different : ADHD is a disorder that presents differently in every person – it’s what makes us unique individuals – a person can display high levels of hyperactivity, while another may have serious attention issues. Females, as well, often present subtler symptoms that can often be overlooked or seen as a sign of other causes.
- Cost and Availability : The financial brunt of getting an ADHD diagnosis stops a lot of individuals and families from seeking out support.
Despite a variety of challenges, the developing landscape around ADHD diagnoses continues to be a positive one.
Early recognition and gaining a diagnosis and treatment plan by a qualified professional ensures that you are setting yourself up for an improved pathway forward.
If you suspect that you or a loved one could possibly have ADHD, get in touch with our Northern Beaches Psychologists, or would like some more information about ADHD, read our helpful guide on navigating ADHD as an adult.
Get the Answers at ST&A Psychology
ST & A Psychology offers a range of services to support individuals with ADHD :
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (MCBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) to learn new psychological skills, & help manage symptoms/reduce their impact.
- Skills training sessions & individual ADHD coaching that focus on time management, organisational skills, and stress management.
- Referral to Support groups.
- Consultations with medical professionals for referral for medication and medication management when necessary.
Living with ADHD as a child or an adult requires understanding and adjusting to many aspects of your life. With the right strategies and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives.
Our Northern Beaches psychologists are committed to providing the guidance and tools necessary to manage this condition effectively. Contact us today.
